Fractional distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of two or more components based on their boiling points. It is used in the petroleum industry to separate crude oil into its various components such as gasoline, di…
The action which is initiated in a system to remove the difference that occurs when the measured quantity is compared with the desired value is called an automatic control system. Or Maintenance of the desired value of any mag…
Liquid level measurement is the oldest of all measurements, and it is very important in the industrial area. The level of liquid in any tank affects both its pressure and the rate of flow of the liquid flowing in it. The liquid …
Liquid level control systems monitor and control the level of liquids in various tanks. These systems can be used in a wide variety of industries including food, beverage, oil and gas production, and chemical production. There …
The float-operated level indicator is used to measure the liquid level inside any tank. In this, the float is placed on the surface of the liquid and shows the changes in the level of the liquid. Whatever change happens inside …
A pyrometer is a thermometer that measures temperatures from a distance. It is used in many industries to measure the temperature of an object or material without making contact with it. Pyrometers are used in industrial process…
A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature. It consists of a metal or glass tube containing a liquid, usually mercury, that expands and contracts with changes in temperature. The expansion and contraction of the …
Thermal conductivity measurement is commonly used to control electron combustion in CO2 recorders. It is used to determine the amount of hydrogen in nitrogen air and oxygen, by this it can determine ammonia, sulfur, dioxide, hydr…
McLeod gauge is used to measure absolute pressure from 1 to 10⁶. This type of gauge is generally used to measure high vacuum and these are easy to use its calibration is almost the same for all non-condensible gauges. McLeod Gaug…
Bourdon tube pressure gauge is the most commonly used pressure gauge, it covers the range from 0 - 15 to 0 - 100000 Psi. It consists of the following written parts. 1. Bourdon Tube It is a tube with a round cross-section that ch…
Recording devices are used where a continuous record of a variable quantity is required. The recording device is mainly useful for more than three reasons which are as follows. (i) The process operator gives the command to observ…
There are many parts in all instruments, which work to convert them into circuits according to the prescribed variable amount, it can be classified in four ways. And an instrument can have the following written functions. 1. Prim…
It is very important to choose a suitable instrument for a specific measurement. Therefore, for this we need the performance characteristics of an instrument, these are of the following two types. (1) Static Characteristics (2) D…
The instrument is the most important in process industries. The advancement of measurement is the advancement of science. Advancement in the art of size leads to the advancement of industrial development, hence industrial process…
