image This calculator takes input for velocity, density, and viscosity, and calculates the Reynolds number based on the formula: Re = (density x velocity) / viscosity. When the user clicks the "Calculate Reynolds Number"…
Mechanical properties of fluids are the physical characteristics of fluids that relate to their behavior under various mechanical conditions. The properties of liquids are viscosity, density, compressibility, and surface tension.…
Those variables whose change in value affects the performance of the total manufacturing process are called process variables . and process variables are of different types. Process variables are measured and controlled for the …
The method by which counteraction is produced in an automatic controller. It is called the mode of control action. An automatic controller consists of the following elements. 1. Measuring means (c - b) 2. Input means (v - r) 3. A…
The mainly used tow types of automatic control systems in industries are closed-loop or feedback control systems and open-loop or feed-forward control systems, and this post or article shows these control system advantages and ch…
Physical Diagram: Such a diagram is used in engineering to show the main part of the system. In thermodynamics, this type of diagram and in mechanics this type of diagram is called a free body diagram and in automatic process co…
The action which is initiated in a system to remove the difference that occurs when the measured quantity is compared with the desired value is called an automatic control system. Or Maintenance of the desired value of any mag…
Liquid level measurement is the oldest of all measurements, and it is very important in the industrial area. The level of liquid in any tank affects both its pressure and the rate of flow of the liquid flowing in it. The liquid …
Liquid level control systems monitor and control the level of liquids in various tanks. These systems can be used in a wide variety of industries including food, beverage, oil and gas production, and chemical production. There …
A pyrometer is a thermometer that measures temperatures from a distance. It is used in many industries to measure the temperature of an object or material without making contact with it. Pyrometers are used in industrial process…
A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature. It consists of a metal or glass tube containing a liquid, usually mercury, that expands and contracts with changes in temperature. The expansion and contraction of the …
McLeod gauge is used to measure absolute pressure from 1 to 10⁶. This type of gauge is generally used to measure high vacuum and these are easy to use its calibration is almost the same for all non-condensible gauges. McLeod Gaug…
There are many parts in all instruments, which work to convert them into circuits according to the prescribed variable amount, it can be classified in four ways. And an instrument can have the following written functions. 1. Prim…
It is very important to choose a suitable instrument for a specific measurement. Therefore, for this we need the performance characteristics of an instrument, these are of the following two types. (1) Static Characteristics (2) D…
The instrument is the most important in process industries. The advancement of measurement is the advancement of science. Advancement in the art of size leads to the advancement of industrial development, hence industrial process…
This is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics, which is true for all possible cycles, including (reversible, irreversible, heat engines, and refrigerators). We can represent any reversible cycle by a series of Carnot …
Centrifugal pumps are dynamic pressure pumps, they work on the principle of centrifugal force. A centrifugal Pump is a hydraulic machine that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It does so with the help of centrifug…
