Classification of compounds in chemistry can be classified generally two broad groups.
1.0 Ionic Compound
2.0 Covalent Compound
Which is an ionic compound?
Chemistry Definition | Chemistry fundamentals
1.0 Ionic Compound
Ionic compounds do not exist
in independent molecular from. They form three dimensional crystal lattice in
which ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ion these oppositely charged ion
attract each other strongly so ionic so ionic compound high melting point and
boiling point. These are represented by formula unit.
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Ionic compounds examples:
- C++ , O2++ ,Na++
2.0 Covalent Compound
The covalent compound
mostly exists in molecular form. A molecular is a true representative of a covalent
compound and its formula is called molecular formula.
Covalent compounds
examples:- Water H2O , Calcium
Oxide CaO, sodium Chloride NaCl, Calcium Carbonate CaCO3.
Define of
Mixture:- When two or more
elements or compounds mixup physically without any fixed ratio, they from is
mixture.
Type of Mixture
Mixture is two type (a) Homogeneous
Mixture (b) Heterogeneous Mixture
(a) Homogeneous Mixture
Mixture that have
uniform composition throughout e.g. Air, Ice Cream, Gasoline.
(b) Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixture that do not have
uniform composition throughout. e.g. Soil, rocks, and wood.
Mixture of Soil:- It is Mixture of send, clay, mineral salt,
water and air.
Mixture of Air: - It is mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, noble gases and water vapour.
Mixture of Milk: - It is the mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein,
mineral salt and vitamins.
Difference between Compound and Mixture
Compound
1) It is formed by
chemical combination of atoms of element. 2) The constituents lose the identity
and form a new substance. 3) Compounds always have fixed composition by mass.
4) The compounds cannot separated by physical means. Every compound is
represented by chemical formula. compound have homogeneous composition.
Compound have sharp and fixed melting point.
Mixture
1) Mixture is formed by
the simple mixing up of the substance. 2) Mixture do not have fixed
composition. 3) The components can be separated by physical method. 4) Mixture
shows properties of the constituents. It consists of two or more components and
does not have any chemical formula. They have homogeneous and heterogeneous in
composition. Mixtures do not have sharp and melting point.
How to Write a Chemicals Formula?
Compounds are
represented by chemical formula as elements are represented by symbols.
Chemical formula of compound is written by these steps.
(A) Symbols of two
elements are written side in the order of positive ion fist and negative ion
latter.
(B) The valency of each
ion is written on the right top corner of its symbols e,g. Na++, Ca++, O--.
(C) If valencies are
similar then they of feet each other and not written chemical formula.
(D) If valencies are
dissimilar then the cross exchanged method is applied.
(E) If an ion is a
combination of two or more atom which is called radical are used then valency
written in parenthesis.
Example:- Na+ Cl⁻ =NaCl
Define Elements
It is substance made up of same type of atoms having same atomic number, and cannot be decomposed into simple substance by ordinary chemical means. At present 118 elements are known out of which 92 occur naturally.
Solid:- Majority of the exist as solid e.g. Sodium, Copper, Zinc, gold.
Liquid:- Few elements which occur in liquid state e.g. Mercury and Bromine.
Gasses:- A few elements exit as a gas state e.g. Hydrogen, Nitrogen. Oxygen. Chlorine.
Define of elements on the basis of properties
On the basis of their properties elements are divided to three type. 1. Metal 2. Nonmetal 3. Metalloids.
Metal: An element which always from positive ion by losing electron is called metal. For Example: Sodium, Silver,Zinc about 80% elements are metal.
Nonmetal: An element which always from negative ion by gaining electron is called nonmetal. For Example: Carbon, Sulfur, Fluorine, iodine.
Metalloids: An Elements having physical and chemical properties of both metal and nonmetals For Example: Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium.
Which is a covalent compound?
A molecular is a true representative of a covalent compound and its formula is called molecular formula.
