Green Chemistry is the use of chemistry for pollution prevention by an environmentally conscious design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances . The concept of…
The liquid-liquid extraction techniques (methods) of removing one component from a solid or liquid using a liquid solvent fall into two categories, the first one is called leaching or solid extraction, and the second is liquid e…
The selection of a particular kind of contractor plate or packed tower for a given mass transfer operation generally rests on cost and profit considerations but in many cases, the choice can be made based on a quantitative analys…
The main difference between absorption and distillation is there. And selection criteria for solvent in gas absorption. While selecting a particular solvent for absorption operation the following properties of the solvent are co…
Packed columns are useful for distillation, especially whenever we have to carry out operations at low pressure (vacuum distillation) and whenever we are dealing with heat-sensitive materials. Packings are usually cheaper than p…
Steam distillation is specially adopted in cases where the substances involved cannot withstand the temperature of distillation and decompose. Substances of a kind can be separated by reducing the partial pressure of the volatil…
The liquid which can be obtained by condensing the overhead vapor and returning some of the liquid to the top of the column is known as reflux . Reflux Ratio of Distillation The reflux ratio of the reflux and overhead product i…
An azeotrope is a liquid mixture with an equilibrium vapour of the same composition as the liquid. The dew point and bubble point are identical in the azeotropic composition and the mixture. Close boiling components showing smal…
Mass transfer processes that involve two fluid streams are frequently carried out continuously by passing the fluid streams either in a counter-current or a co-current fashion in a column device. The average driving force for a…
In this separation method, a part of the condensed liquid is returned back as reflux and a maximum enrichment of the more volatile component in the vapour is obtained by successive partial vaporization and condensation by a multi…
