There are two series of copper compounds. Copper(I) compounds are derived from the red copper (I) oxide Cu2O and contain the copper (I) ion in water, and their behavior generally resembles that of the silver(I) compounds. They are readily oxidized to copper(II) compounds, which are derivable from the black copper(II) Oxide, CuO.Â
Copper(II) compounds, which contain the copper(II) ion, Cu++. Copper salts are generally blue both touristic really for the teraaquocucuparate (II) ion (Cu(H2O)4)++ only.
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(A) Copper (I) Oxide (Red oxide copper)
Uses of Red oxide.
1. It is used in making ruby-red glass.
2. It is used in making anti-rust paints.
3. It is used in the preparation of CuCl2
(B) Copper (II) oxide (Black oxide of copper)
Uses of black oxide.
It is used in making colored glass.
It is used to remove sulfur from petroleum.
Copper Compounds
1. Copper Naphthenate
They are manufactured either from copper naphthenic acid and sulfate in reaction with an alkali or by heating copper oxide and naphthenic acid. It is used as oil-based wood as the rot-proofing agent.
2. Copper cyanide
The manufactured copper cyanide from sodium cyanide with react copper sulfate. It is used for copper electroplating.
3. Cupric Chloride
It is used as a mordant in calico printing and drying.
4. Cupric nitrate
This is produced by dissolving copper carbonate in nitric acid or directly from copper and nitric acid. used ceramics.
5. Anhydrous and mono-hydrated copper sulfate
It is used as an agricultural and fungicide as well as for the production of several copper compounds.
6. Copper Soaps
They are as used in paints as they are soluble in oils and white spirits.
7. Copper Oxychloride
Molar Mass of Copper
One mole of any element has Avogadro's number of atoms (6.022 x 10^23), and the molar mass of copper is equal to its atomic mass in grams per mole. Molar mass of copper = 63.55 g/mol.
Copper Sulfate (Blue vitriol) CuSO4
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) is commonly known as blue vitriol.
Preparation of Copper Sulphate
When copper scrapes are treated with hot sulphuric acid in the presence of air, copper sulfate is formed which on crystallization gives blue vitriol.Â
2Cu + H2SO4 + O2 → 2CuSO4 + 2H2O
CuSO4 Crystallization → CuSO4.5H2O
Properties of Copper sulfate
1. It is a blue crystalline solid readily soluble in water.
2. When blue vitriol is heated at 100 °C. it becomes monohydrate, at 250 °C it becomes anhydrous on further heating strongly to about 750 °C it decomposes to give black oxide of coppers.
3. Copper sulfate reacts with caustic soda or caustic potash to give a bluish-white receipt of cupric hydroxide.
CuSO4 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
4. When NH3 is added to CuSO4 solution, a bluish-white ppt. of Cu(OH)2 is formed which dissolves in excess ammonia forming tetra amine copper (II) sulfate which is commonly known as Schweitzer reagent.
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH → Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH → [ Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O
Tetra amine copper(II) sulfate (deep blue)
5. Action with potassium iodide: When KI is added to a solution of CuSO4, a dark brown ppt of cuprous iodide is precipitated.
CuSO4 + KI → K2SO4 + Cu2I2 + I2
This reaction is used to estimate the Cu++ ion in the qualitative analysis. On adding sodium thiosulphate solution to the above product, iodine gets reduced by thiosulphate, and only a white ppt. of Cu2I2 will be observed.
Na2S2O3 + I2 →  NaI + Na2S4O6
Uses of Copper Sulfate
1. It is used for electroplating and electrorefining of copper.
2. It is used as an antiseptic.
3. It is used as a laboratory reagent.
4. It is used as a germicide in agriculture.
5. It is used as weedicide in swimming pools and water reservoir tanks.
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